Car

A car is essential in most of California, the exceptions being parts of its largest cities, where it can be more convenient to use public transportation, taxis, or ride-sharing services. Two main north–south routes run through California: I–5 through the middle of the state, and U.S. 101, a parallel route closer to the coast. Slower but more scenic is Highway 1, which winds along much of the coast.

From north to south, the state's main east–west routes are I–80, I–15, I–10, and I–8. Much of California is mountainous, and you may encounter winding roads and steep mountain grades.

Road Conditions

View current road conditions online or download the easier-to-use Caltrans QuickMap smartphone app. Rainy weather can make driving along the coast or in the mountains treacherous. Some smaller routes over mountain ranges and in the deserts are prone to flash flooding. Many smaller roads over the Sierra Nevada are closed in winter, and if it's snowing, tire chains may be required on routes that are open. Note, though, that most rental-car companies prohibit chain installation on their vehicles. If you disregard this rule, your insurance likely won't cover chains-related damage.

Chains or cables generally cost $30–$75. It's less expensive to purchase chains before you get to the mountains. On some highways and freeways, uniformed chain installers will apply chains for a fee (around $30), though these installers are not allowed to sell or rent chains. On lesser roads, you're on your own.

Rules of the Road

All passengers must wear a seat belt at all times. A child must be secured in a federally approved child passenger restraint system and ride in the back seat until at least eight years of age or until the child is at least 4 feet 9 inches tall. Unless indicated, right turns are allowed at red lights after you've come to a full stop. Drivers with a blood-alcohol level higher than 0.08 are subject to arrest.

You must turn on your headlights whenever weather conditions require the use of windshield wipers. Texting on a wireless device is illegal. If using a mobile phone while driving, it must be hands-free and mounted (i.e., it's not legal having it loose on the seat or your lap). For more driving rules, refer to the Department of Motor Vehicles driver's handbook at www.dmv.ca.gov.

Car Rental

When you reserve a car, ask about cancellation penalties, taxes, drop-off charges (to drop off in another city), and surcharges (for age, additional drivers, or driving across state or country borders).